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Land Based Glossary

  • Basal - area around the base of a tree.
  • Bracing - Bracing is a term used to describe the strengthening or supporting of a tree by means of cables, rods, webbing or similar.
  • Brashing - Remove lower branches from the tree using your chainsaw.
  • Brown rot - type of decay in which fungi degrade cellulose in the cell walls, creating a brown color in the decayed wood.
  • Callus - Scar tissue laid down by the tree in order to cover and protect a wound.
  • Cellulose - makes plant stems, stalks and trunks rigid and gives structure to cell walls.
  • Chainsaw - A chainsaw (or chain saw) is a portable mechanical saw, powered by electricity, compressed air, hydraulic power, or most commonly a two-stroke engine.[1] It is used in activities such as tree felling, limbing, bucking, pruning, by tree surgeons. Blake Training offer a variety of Chainsaw Courses including the CS30 Chainsaw Course, the CS31 Course and a lot more...
  • Chainsaw Class 0 - is tested to a chain speed of 16m/s
  • Chainsaw Class 1 - is tested to a chain speed of 20m/s
  • Chainsaw Class 2 - is tested to a chain speed of 24m/s
  • Chainsaw Class 3 - is tested to a chain speed of 28m/s
  • Climbing - is the activity of using one's hands and feet (or indeed any other part of the body) to ascend a steep object. It is done both for recreation and professionally, as part of activities such as maintenance of a structure, or military operations.
  • Conservation Arwa - The designation given to an area by a Local Planning Authority (LPA) which requires, amongst other things, six weeks advance notice to be given to the LPA prior to certain tree works.
  • Coppicing - The cutting down of a tree within 300 mm (12 in) of the ground at regular intervals
  • Crown - The section of the tree formed by its branches and usually starting above its stem.
  • Crown Clean - The removal or dead, dying, diseased, broken, crowded, weakly attached and low-vigour branches as well as climbing plants (eg ivy).
  • Crown Lift - Crown lifting is the removal of the lowest branches and preparing of lower branches for future removal.
  • Crown Reduction - Crown reduction is used to reduce the height and/or spread of the crown of a tree by the removal of the ends of branches whilst maintaining the tree's natural shape as far as practicable.
  • Crown Thin - Crown thinning is the removal of a small portion of secondary and small live branches to produce a uniform density of foliage around an evenly spaced branch structure.
  • Decline - When a tree exhibits signs of a lack of vigour and progressing towards its death.
  • Die-back - Tips of branches exhibit no signs of life
  • Dormant - The inactive condition of a tree, usually during the coldest months of the year when there is little or no growth and leaves of deciduous trees have been shed.
  • Formative Pruning - - Pruning during the early years of a tree's growth to establish the desired form and/or correct defects or weaknesses.
  • Fruit-body - spore-producing structure.
  • Gill - fertile ribs underneath caps.
  • Guttation - liquid drops oozing out of the fruit body surface.
  • Karabiners - used for connecting the harness to lifelines should be self-locking types with a minimum of three distinct movements to unlock the gate.
  • Lignin - binds to cellulose fibers to harden and strengthen cell walls.
  • Pathogenic - Disease inducing - usually referring to fungal fruiting bodies.
  • Pollard - Traditionally and still commonly used this term describes the removal of all branches from the trunk. A less frequently used definition can mean the regular (annual or biannual) pruning back of small branches to the same point resulting in the formation of a 'pollard head'.
  • Root Pruning - The pruning back of root.
  • Snedding - Snedding is the process of stripping the side shoots and buds from the length of a branch or shoot, usually of a tree or woody shrub.
  • Split Tails - A short length of climbing rope, usually with an eye spice at one end, used to create a friction hitch on the main climbing rope.
  • Tree Climbing - Tree climbing is a recreational or functional activity consisting of ascending and moving around in the crown of trees.
  • Tree Preservation Order (TPO) - Statutory protection applied to a tree or trees meaning that most works to most trees covered by a TPO must not be undertaken without the prior written consent of the LA.
  • White rot - decay of wood in which both cellulose and lignin are broken down.
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